不同温度条件下褐菖鲇幼鱼的耗氧率和排氨率     

邱成功  徐善良  林少珍  程亮  刘飞 《台湾海峡》2014,(1):84-89

利用静水密闭式呼吸仪,测定了不同温度（10、12、……、30℃）条件下褐菖鼬（Sebastiscus marmoratus）幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率变化．结果表明,温度对幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率均有显著影响（P〈0．05）．温度10～30℃,幼鱼耗氧率、排氨率变化范围分别为0．02～0．30mg／（g·h）和2．64～10．01ug／（g·h）,温度26、16℃时耗氧率和排氨率分别上升至峰值,分别为最小值10℃组的15．00、3．79倍;温度（F）对幼鱼耗氧率R0[mg／（g·h）]和排氨率RN[ug／（g·h）]的影响可分别用多项式表示：R0=-2．00×10^-5 T4＋1．50×10^-3 T3-3．69×10^-2 T2＋0．3978T-1．5376,R2=0．988和RN=3．00×10^-5 T6 -4．00×10^-3 T5＋0．1996 T4-5．1111T3＋70．817T2-501．10T＋1415．80,R2=0．964;幼鱼的氨熵变化范围为0．02～0．19,其蛋白质供能比变化范围为5．64％～56．65％,平均蛋白质供能比为22．56％;各温度跨度代谢率Q10值均值为4．02,18～28℃代谢率Q10值为2．81±0．09与鱼类平均Q10值较接近;各温度跨度组排泄率Q10均值为0．93,对比同一温度跨度组代谢率和排泄率Q10值,代谢率Q10值均大于排泄率Q10值两倍以上,最大组间相差达7倍．因此,幼鱼能量消耗的供能物质以脂肪和碳水化合物为主,蛋白质为辅．此外,温度变化对幼鱼代谢的影响程度明显大于对排泄的影响,且其适宜生长温度为18～28℃．  相似文献   

南黄海DLC70-3孔晚更新世以来Rb/Zr值特征及环境意义     

梅西  李日辉  张训华 《海洋地质前沿》2014,(2):10-17

利用岩心扫描X荧光光谱仪(XRF Core Scanner)对南黄海DLC70-3孔沉积物进行1cm间隔的元素扫描测试。钻孔沉积物中陆源元素Rb和Zr相对含量垂向变化具有极好的分层性,Rb和Zr相对含量在不同粒级中变化较大,Rb在细粒中的含量较高,而Zr则在粗粒级中富集;Rb/Zr值可以反映沉积物中黏土矿物和石英、长石的相对含量变化。研究认为DLC70-3孔沉积物的Rb/Zr值受到海平面变化和源区气候变化共同控制,其中源区的气候变化为主要控制因素,而海平面变化主要影响26.50~38.00m(MIS 4)层位粗粒级沉积物的Rb/Zr值。Rb/Zr值显示在MIS 5和MIS 3期源区化学风化作用较强,与内陆黄土高原地区夏季风和化学风化指标的变化趋势一致,尤其是在MIS 3早期(40~60ka)记录的化学风化作用非常强,反映了黄河流域地区出现强夏季风降雨过程。  相似文献   

基于SVI方法的折射波信噪比改善效果研究     

邵宇蓝  李唐律  廖仪  童思友  吴志强 《海洋地质前沿》2014,30(5):52-57

折射波在地震勘探中有非常重要的作用,但由于近地表噪声等因素影响,折射波在地震记录上往往能量较弱,信噪比较低。因此,Bharadwaj、Mallinson等提出了超虚拟折射干涉法(Supervirtual refraction interferometry-SVI),用于提高折射波的信噪比。在此基础上,结合正演模拟数据和实际资料,对该方法的抗噪性以及相关叠加道数、褶积叠加道数等因素对处理效果的影响进行了研究,结果表明,对于信噪比0.2的资料,在满足一定相关叠加道数和褶积叠加道数时,使用本方法后能使信噪比得到显著增强。  相似文献   

清水沟、刁口河流路联合运用方案比选     

陈雄波  雷鸣  王鹏 《海洋工程》2014,32(4):117-123

按照"从上到下"的方法,分析刁口河再次启用的四种定位:备用流路、生态供水、同时行河和分洪通道的流路运用规模;设计了该流路与现状清水沟流路联合运用的6个方案。根据各方案分流口上下游的河道冲淤特性,对黄河下游的反馈,工程投资,生态环境,经济社会的影响等进行综合比选。最后推荐在2030年以后利津流量超过4 000 m3/s时将刁口河作为分洪通道、其余时间使用清水沟流路和工程投资方案。  相似文献   

海洋潮汐浪溅区混凝土表面氯离子浓度计算模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蔡荣  杨绿峰  余波 《海洋工程》2014,32(5):25-33

海洋混凝土结构的表面氯离子浓度反映了海洋氯化物环境的腐蚀作用强度,是海洋混凝土结构耐久性分析和定量设计的重要参数。本文依据国内外不同地区的大量自然暴露试验数据,通过数理统计和回归分析,确定了各种海洋环境条件下表面氯离子浓度的统计特征值,分析了海洋潮汐浪溅区混凝土中氯离子的传输机理和积聚规律,揭示了水胶比对混凝土表面氯离子浓度的影响规律,进而综合考虑水胶比、胶凝材料种类和时变特性等因素的影响,建立了海洋潮汐浪溅区混凝土表面氯离子浓度的改进计算模型。结合国内外各种表面氯离子浓度经验模型的预测结果和海洋自然暴露试验的实测数据,对比验证了所建立表面氯离子浓度计算模型的有效性和适用性,为海洋氯化物环境下混凝土结构的耐久性设计和服役寿命分析提供了重要边界条件。  相似文献   

Retrieval of the single scattering albedo of Asian dust mixed with pollutants using lidar observations     

Sungkyun SHIN  Young Min NOH  Kwonho LEE  Hanlim LEE  Detlef MLLER  Y.J.KIM  Kwanchul KIM  Dongho SHIN 《大气科学进展》2014,31(6):1417-1426

The vertical distribution of single scattering albedos （SSAs） of Asian dust mixed with pollutants was derived using the multi-wavelength Raman lidar observation system at Gwangju （35.10°N,126.53°E）.Vertical profiles of both backscatter and extinction coefficients for dust and non-dust aerosols were extracted from a mixed Asian dust plume using the depolarization ratio from lidar observations.Vertical profiles of backscatter and extinction coefficients of non-dust particles were input into an inversion algorithm to retrieve the SSAs of non-dust aerosols.Atmospheric aerosol layers at different heights had different light-absorbing characteristics.The SSAs of non-dust particles at each height varied with aerosol type,which was either urban/industrial pollutants from China transported over long distances at high altitude,or regional/local pollutants from the Korean peninsula.Taking advantage of independent profiles of SSAs of non-dust particles,vertical profiles of SSAs of Asian dust mixed with pollutants were estimated for the first time,with a new approach suggested in this study using an empirical determination of the SSA of pure dust.The SSAs of the Asian dust-pollutants mixture within the planetary boundary layer （PBL） were in the range 0.88-0.91,while the values above the PBL were in the range 0.76-0.87,with a very low mean value of 0.76 ± 0.05.The total mixed dust plume SSAs in each aerosol layer were integrated over height for comparison with results from the Aerosol Robotics Network （AERONET） measurements.Values of SSA retrieved from lidar observations of 0.92 ± 0.01 were in good agreement with the results from AERONET measurements.  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112001247     

Mohamed K.Salah 《地学前缘(英文版)》2013,4(2):213-222

The Sinai Peninsula has been recognized as a subplate of the African Plate located at the triple junction of the Gulf of Suez rift, the Dead Sea Transform fault, and the Red Sea rift. The upper and lower crustal structures of this tectonically active, rapidly developing region are yet poorly understood because of many limitations. For this reason, a set of P- and S-wave travel times recorded at 14 seismic stations belonging to the Egyptian National Seismographic Network (ENSN) from 111 local and regional events are analyzed to investigate the crustal structures and the locations of the seismogenic zones beneath central and southern Sinai. Because the velocity model used for routine earthquake location by ENSN is one-dimensional, the travel-time residuals will show lateral heterogeneity of the velocity structures and unmodeled vertical structures. Seismic activity is strong along the eastern and southern borders of the study area but low to moderate along the northern boundary and the Gulf of Suez to the west. The crustal V_p/V_s ratio is 1.74 from shallow (depth ≤ 10 km) earthquakes and 1.76 from deeper (depth > 10 km) crustal events. The majority of the regional and local travel-time residuals are positive relative to the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM), implying that the seismic stations are located above widely distributed, tectonically-induced low-velocity zones. These low-velocity zones are mostly related to the local crustal faults affecting the sedimentary section and the basement complex as well as the rifting processes prevailing in the northern Red Sea region and the ascending of hot mantle materials along crustal fractures. The delineation of these low-velocity zones and the locations of big crustal earthquakes enable the identification of areas prone to intense seismotectonic activities, which should be excluded from major future development projects and large constructions in central and southern Sinai.  相似文献   

Trend of settlement in primary and secondary consolidations     

《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(2):125-134

The trend/rate of settlement of any load on clay can be measured at any time without knowing the past history of load increment. It can be a source of some useful information like quick evaluation of consolidation characteristics, time-compression data of the present, past and future, type and stage of consolidation, drainage conditions, time of load increment, etc. Basic mathematical/graphical properties of vertical, radial, 3D and secondary consolidations are studied from this angle. Two types of 3D consolidations are discussed. First is the combined vertical and radial consolidation with vertical drains. Second is the general 3D consolidation in Cartesian co-ordinates where drainage occurs through all the six phases of a parallelopipe-shaped sample. But the settlement in both cases is allowed in the vertical direction only. It is shown that primary compression after 60% consolidation, with whatever simple or complicated drainage conditions, essentially gives a straight line on a linear plot of settlement versus rate of settlement while secondary consolidation is a straight line on semi-log plot of settlement versus rate of settlement.  相似文献   

中心回线TEM勘探中的野外试验要点     

肖勇  黎刚 《物探与化探》2013,(5):839-842

电磁勘探施工前的野外试验,对完成地质任务、评估解释结果具有重要意义。使用V8多功能电法测量系统,以王家岭煤田水文地质勘探为例,首先利用地层电性参数,给出了达到预定勘探深度需要的观测时间估算方法;再根据测区噪声电平,决定发射回线边长和电流;波形检测后,经孔旁地质效果试验确认观测时间。信噪比,一致性、稳定性经过试验符合探测精度的要求。  相似文献   

不同成因锆石的微量元素特征研究进展   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

雷玮琰  施光海  刘迎新 《地学前缘》2013,20(4)

对近年来不同成因锆石(岩浆锆石、变质锆石和热液锆石)微量元素特征方面有关的研究进展进行了系统的总结和评述.锆石的微量元素特征能够反映主岩的成分演化,共生分离结晶相,混合以及熔融源区性质等诸多信息.对于岩浆锆石,其微量元素组成随岩浆分异演化系统地变化,从超镁铁质岩到花岗质岩,锆石微量元素含量总体上增长.幔源岩浆锆石微量元素含量低,稀土配分模式显示弱的Eu负异常或没有异常,重稀土部分相对平缓,而壳源岩浆锆石微量元素含量较幔源锆石高,稀土配分模式显示强烈的Ce正异常和Eu负异常.岩体中单一颗粒岩浆锆石和颗粒之间微量元素组成的变化也可以反映结晶出锆石的岩浆组成的演化.对于变质锆石,在进变质、退变质以及热峰条件等宽泛的温压条件下,通过原岩锆石的固态重结晶、溶解再结晶、含Zr矿物变质反应释放Zr进而成核结晶等机制形成,其内部生长结构复杂,微量元素特征可以反映生长机制、共生矿物和形成环境等信息.热液锆石形成有类似岩浆锆石的生长环带,流体包裹体、热液矿物包裹体的存在可以指示锆石确切的热液成因.热液锆石的微量元素组成能够反映不同的热液矿物组合以及流体组成的变化.  相似文献